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高中英语语法大全【最新版】,2019高中英语语法总结归纳

更新:2020年04月04日 19:47 大学路
高考是一个是一场千军万马过独木桥的战役。面对高考,考生总是有很多困惑,什么时候开始报名?高考体检对报考专业有什么影响?什么时候填报志愿?怎么填报志愿?等等,为了帮助考生解惑,大学路整理了高中英语语法大全【最新版】,2019高中英语语法总结归纳相关信息,供考生参考,一起来看一下吧高中英语语法大全【最新版】,2019高中英语语法总结归纳

  英语和汉语一样,是一门语言,是沟通交流的工具,是接触英语文化的基础。我们要把它作为一门语言而不但但是一门学科看,你就会不再纠结于英语的语法知识。有很多同学认为不会英语语法知识,英语注定学不好了,这种想法是完完全全错误的。你需要明白的是你汉语说的那么溜,语文题也会答,但你有没有发现其实汉语的语法知识你也不懂?所以,以下高中英语语法大全【最新版】赶紧收藏吧。

  英语语法,指英语中语言的结构规律,包括词法和句法。高考中占分比重较大的就是句法,而句法中较为重要的是句子成分和句型结构。

  一、句子成分

  组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。

  1、主语

  主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。

  You are geilivable. I believe you can make it.你很给力,我相信你能做好的。

  2、谓语

  谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。由动词(或短语动词) 、情态动词+不定式组成。

  I love you.

  You can make friends with me.

  3、表语

  表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,常有系表结构。

  You are handsome.你很帅哦~

  4、宾语

  宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。

  I love you.

  有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

  You gave me(间接宾语) courage(直接宾语) 你给我勇气。

  5、定语

  在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

  用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。

  You are a brave boy.

  The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。

  6、状语

  修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。

  I love travelling in the spring.介词短语修饰travel

  7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:你使我。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:你使我快乐。这是的“happy”为形容词做补语,说明我的状态。

  You make me happy.

  作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。

  赞同

  二、句型结构

  一、简单句

  1.主语+谓语

  这种句型简称为主谓结构,其谓语一般都是不及物动词,例:

  Things change.事物是变化的。

  2.主语+连系动词+表语(系表结构)

  I am fine.

  3.主语+谓语+宾语

  这种句型可称为主谓宾结构,它的谓语一般多是及物动词,例:

  I love you.

  4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语

  这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构,其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词,两个宾语一个是间接宾语,一个是直接宾语,例:

  You gave me(间接宾语) courage(直接宾语) 你给我勇气。

  5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补

  I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。(形容词easy作补语)

  *It 引导结构

  作形式主语(it is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.)或形式宾语(it + adj. + to do sth.)

  It is nice to know.认识你很高兴。

  二、并列句

  两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。

  You love music and you are good at music .

  三、复合句,即各种从句。包括名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)、定语从句、状语从句。高考中占分比最大的是宾语从句、表语从句、同位语、主语、定语

  (1)表语从句

  1. 定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

  2. 构成:关联词+简单句

  3. 引导表语从句的关联词的种类:

  (1) 连词that。如:

  The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

  (2) 连词whether, as, as if。如:

  He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。

  The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。

  注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如:

  All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.

  这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样。

  能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如:

  It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。

  (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

  连接副词 where, when, how, why。

  如:The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

  The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。

  That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

  解释:

  1. 连词because可引导表语从句。如:

  I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。

  2. 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:

  My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

  (2)主语从句

  1. 定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

  2. 构成:关联词+简单句

  3. 引导主语从句的关联词有三类:

  (1) 从属连词that。如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

  很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。

  (2) 从属连词whether。如:

  Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。

  (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

  连接副词 where, when, how, why。如:

  What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。

  How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。

  Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。

  Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。

  解释:

  1. 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有:

  A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如:

  It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

  It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

  B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如:

  It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。

  It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。

  C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如:

  It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。

  It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

  据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

  D. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如:

  It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。

  It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。

  E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如:

  It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。

  It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

  F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:

  Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?

  Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗?

  G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:

  How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪!

  2.注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义

  Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。

  Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。

  Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖

  (3)宾语从句

  1. 定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

  2. 构成:关联词+简单句

  3. 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:

  (1) 从属连词that。如:

  He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。

  I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。

  注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。

  1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)

  大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

  2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)

  对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。

  3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)

  我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

  4. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)

  鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。

  (2)从属连词if/whether。如:

  I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。

  I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。

  (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

  连接副词 where, when, how, why。

  如:

  Who or what he was, Martin never learned.

  他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。

  I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。

  I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。

  You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。

  (1) 介词宾语从句

  宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:

  He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.

  他对那天发生的事感到很不快。

  I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。

  I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。

  Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

  你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。

  有时介词可以省略。如:

  I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。

  Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。

  解释:

  1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:

  We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

  我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。

  He has made it clear that he will not give in.

  他已表明他不会屈服。

  2.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:

  He is a good student except that he is careless.

  他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。

  You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。

  介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:

  Are you sorry for what you've done?

  你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?

  3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等,连词that可省略。如:

  I am not sure what I ought to do.

  我不能确定我该做什么。

  I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.

  恐怕你没领会我说的意思。

  I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.

  我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。

  Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

  妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。

  4.连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句

  if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:

  I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。

  用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较:

  Please let me know if you want to go.

  Please let me know whether you want to go.

  if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。

  5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:

  I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。

  I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。

  I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?

  6. 宾语从句的时态变化规律:

  (1) 当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。

  (2) 当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如:

  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

  老师说地球绕着太阳运行。

  (4)同位语从句

  1. 定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

  2. 用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,关联词多用从属连词that。如:

  They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

  对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。

  Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

  你在哪儿听说我不能来?

  Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

  德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。

  注:同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如:

  I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。

  连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。

  The question who should do the work requires consideration.

  谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

  We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

  到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。

  It is a question how he did it.

  那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

  解释:

  1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别

  that引导的同位语从句

  that引导的定语从句

  句法功能上

  that只起连接从句的作用,无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。

  that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。

  意义上

  从句是被修饰名词的内容。

  从句起限定作用,是定语

  如:The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句,that不可省。)

  李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。

  The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句,that在从句中作told的宾语,可省。)

  他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。

  2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如:

  This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

  这就是我们唯一的请求:尽快解决这个问题。

  (5)同位语从句

  1. 定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

  2. 用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,关联词多用从属连词that。如:

  They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

  对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。

  Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

  你在哪儿听说我不能来?

  Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

  德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。

  注:同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如:

  I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。

  连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。

  The question who should do the work requires consideration.

  谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

  We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

  到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。

  It is a question how he did it.

  那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

  解释:

  1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别

  that引导的同位语从句

  that引导的定语从句

  句法功能上

  that只起连接从句的作用,无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。

  that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。

  意义上

  从句是被修饰名词的内容。

  从句起限定作用,是定语

  如:The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句,that不可省。)

  李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。

  The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句,that在从句中作told的宾语,可省。)

  他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。

  2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如:

  This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

  这就是我们唯一的请求:尽快解决这个问题。

  测试:

  A. 用适当的连接词填空:

  1. It worried her a bit() her hair was turning gray.

  2. I have no idea() we can do with these waste materials.

  3. The doctor really doubts is( ) ( ) my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

  4. It is hoped ( ) nature will never be destroyed.

  5. Do you guess( ) will give a talk on English tomorrow?

  6. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

  ---- Is that ( )you had a few days off?

  7. Word came ( )I was wanted at the office.

  8. Do you know( ) of them will be our new headmaster?

  9. The teacher didn't tell me( )we were wrong.

  B. 单项选择:

  1. It was true Alice did surprised her mother.

  A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that

  2. Does matter much he can't come to the meeting.

  A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether

  3. ----What are you anxious about? ---- .

  A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed

  C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed

  4. The reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard-working.

  A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because

  5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

  A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person

  6. I really don't know ____________ I had this photo taken.

  A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why

  7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can't remember .

  A. where B. there C. which D. that

  8. ----What do you think of China? --- different life is today from it used to be.

  A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that

  9. Give this to you think can do the work well.

  A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever

  10. troubles me is I can't learn all these English idioms by heart.

  A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that

  答案:

  A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that

  5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which

  9. where

  B. 1-5 CABBB 6-10 ACACD

  高中的英语跟初中英语比较起来,有一个明显的提升,语法的只是基本上也贯穿了整个高中。英语想要得到本质上的提升,给以后打好基础,语法知识还是得知道,毕竟高中的语法知识都是比较基本的。比如你得知道各种不同时态的正确用法,知道他们用的时候的环境,各种从句的用法,强调句,倒装句,非谓语动词等等,这些都得掌握,才能理解并且写出漂亮的英语句子。

  因此高中想要学好英语,语法跟词汇都必须跟得上哟~

  专注教育专注中小学*补课,全国领先的*补习平台,诚聘全国各地重点学校名师,孩子成绩不理想,随时欢迎咨询。

  以上就是大学路为大家带来的高中英语语法大全【最新版】,2019高中英语语法总结归纳,希望能帮助到广大考生!

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