当前位置:大学路 > 雅思 >正文

5月11日雅思阅读考试真题及答案 雅思阅读熟词多义题解析 剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析

更新:2023年11月13日 14:39 大学路

小编今天整理了一些5月11日雅思阅读考试真题及答案 雅思阅读熟词多义题解析 剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析相关内容,希望能够帮到大家。

本文目录一览:

5月11日雅思阅读考试真题及答案 雅思阅读熟词多义题解析 剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析

2019年5月11日雅思阅读考试真题及答案

上周的雅思考试已经圆满结束,真题及答案也新鲜出炉。下面来跟着看一看2019年5月11日雅思阅读考试真题及答案。

真题

P1 Multiple Intelligences教育学的多元智能理论(旧题)

P2独特的金色纺织品蜘蛛丝与纺织品(旧题)

P3 persuation的秘密营销劝导(旧题)

第1段:教育学的多元智能理论

1,T

2,T

3,NG

4,F

5,讨论

6,录音

7,obervation技能

8,建筑材料

9,情绪

10,收藏

11,熟练掌握

12,失败

13,个人差异

第2段:蜘蛛丝

1,VII

2,V

3,九

4,I

5,静脉

6,六

7,B

8,A

9,C

10,A

11,细菌

12,腺

13,力

第3段:劝说的秘密心理学的说服理论

Cialdini的毛巾实验(稍后更多)是他研究我们如何说服别人说是的一部分。他想知道为什么有些人有歪曲别人意志的诀窍,是一个*冷静的人打*给你谈论分时度假,还是父母的孩子即使没有极端暴力的威胁也是如此。虽然他急于不被视为为蛇油*人员写圣经的人,但几十年来,亚利桑那州立大学社会心理学教授一直在为说服原则和方法创建系统,并撰写有关它们的畅销书。有些人似乎天生具备这些技能,Cialdini声称通过应用一点科学,即使是我们这些不应该能够更频繁地走自己路的人。

B他发现说服心理学的实验室实验只讲述了故事的一部分,所以他开始在现实世界中研究影响力,参加*培训计划:“我学会了如何从很多地方*汽车,如何从办公室*保险,如何*门到门的百科全书“。他总结说,有六种一般的“影响原则”,并且在稍微更科学的条件下对它们进行了测试。最近,这意味着要弄乱毛巾。许多酒店在每个浴室都留下一张小卡片,要求客人重复使用毛巾,从而节约水和电,减少污染。Cialdini和他的同事想要测试不同单词在这些卡上的相对有效性。客人是否有动力合作只是因为它有助于拯救地球,还是其他因素更引人注目?为了测试这一点,研究人员将卡片的信息从环境信息转换为大多数信息的简单(和真实)声明

酒店的客人至少重复使用过一次毛巾。收到此消息的客人重复使用毛巾的可能性比旧消息的26%。

C毛巾很多。Cialdini也从糖果中学到了很多东西。是! 引用新泽西州行为科学家大卫·斯特罗梅茨的作品,他想看看餐馆顾客如何回应他们的食物服务器上的一个可笑的小恩惠,以每餐晚餐的餐后巧克力的形式。看来,秘诀在于你如何给巧克力。当巧克力与账单到达时。与没有巧克力的时候相比,提示吝啬3%。但是当巧克力被单独丢弃在每个用餐者面前时,提示上升了14%。然而,科学突破发生在服务员给每个用餐者一个巧克力,离开餐桌然后翻了一倍再给他们一个,好像这样的慷慨只发生在她身上。小贴士上涨23%。这是行动中的“互惠”:

Aucldand's Soul Bar的运营经理D Geeling Ng表示,她从来没有听说过新西兰等候工作人员使用这种玩世不恭的伎俩,尤其是因为新西兰的小费文化与美国不同:“如果你在新西兰这样做,当食客们离开时,他们会说我们能有更多吗?“但她当然理解互惠的一般原则。到餐馆的心脏的方式是“给他们一些他们在服务方面不期望的东西”。它可能就像在盘子上留下薄荷一样小,或者可能记得上次他们在他们想要的水中没有冰和没有柠檬。“在美国,它将转化为即时提示。在新西兰,它转化为一个巨大的微笑并感谢你。“毫无疑问,回访。

PERSUASION原则

E互惠:人们想要回馈那些给予他们的人。这里的诀窍是先进入。这就是为什么慈善机构在邮件中放入一支蹩脚的笔,以及为什么超市中的微笑女性会分发免费食物。稀缺性:人们需要更多可以拥有的东西。广告商无情地利用稀缺性(“每个客户限制四个”,“*必须很快结束”),Cialdini建议父母也这样做:“孩子们想要的东西不那么可用,所以说'这是一个不寻常的机会,你只能拥有这个一段时间'。“

权威:我们相信那些知道他们在谈论什么的人。因此,在您开始影响他们之前,请诚实地告知人们您的凭据。“你会惊讶于有多少人没有做到这一点,”Cialdini说。“他们觉得谈论他们的专业知识是不礼貌的。”在一项研究中,建议患者不做运动的治疗师突出显示他们的资格证书。他们确实做到了,并且在患者依从性方面立即实现了飞跃。承诺/一致性:我们希望以符合我们已经做出的承诺的方式行事。在征求慈善捐款时,利用这一点来获得更高的注册率。首先询问同事是否认为他们会赞助你的鸡蛋和勺子马拉松比赛。胶乳

以赞助形式返回给那些说是并提醒他们早些时候的人

承诺。

喜欢:我们经常对我们喜欢的人说“是”。很明显,但“喜欢”的原因可能很奇怪。在一项研究中,人们收到了调查表格,并要求将他们归还给一位名叫研究员。当研究人员给出一个类似于该主题的假名时(例如,辛西娅约翰逊被“辛迪约翰逊”送去调查),调查的可能性是完成的两倍。我们喜欢与我们相似的人,即使这些相似之处与他们名字的声音一样小。社会证明:“我们通过环顾四周来看看其他人和我们一样在做什么来决定做什么。Cialdini说,对父母有用。“找到一群孩子,他们表现得像你希望你的孩子一样,因为孩子看向一边而不是你。”更有害,

问题14-17

以下陈述是否与阅读第2段中的信息一致?

如果声明同意该信息,则为TRUE

如果声明与信息相矛盾,则为FALSE

如果没有相关信息,请不要提供

14 Robert Cialdini在家中体验了“说服原则”。

15说服原则在两个不同的国家有不同的类型。

16在新西兰,人们倾向于在服务巧克力后给服务员提示。

17原则上,餐馆的额外服务很容易吸引新西兰的老一代

互惠。

问题18-21

选择正确的字母A,B,C或D.

18 Cialdinienrollin在B段中的“*培训计划”是什么?

他的兴趣在于学术部分。

B他研究秘密说服力的动机。

C他的教授身份使他很容易进入这个过程。

D本课程与他进行的毛巾实验有关。

19关于Robert Cialdini,以下哪项不正确?

他是大学的学术心理学家。

B他是皂甙*的代表。

C他参加了一个*培训课程。

他和同事们进行了毛巾实验。

20根据毛巾实验,以下哪项是正确的?

这个实验的灵感来源于劝说科学。

B不同的消息对宾客有不同的影响。

C客户在重新发布消息后表现得更加生态。

D酒店留下卡片要求客人关灯。

21根据糖果店实验中的哪一项是正确的?

呈现方式会影响用餐者的提示。

B常客比非正规客户提供更多提示。

C人们只在提供巧克力时给出提示。

D巧克力与法案得到更高的提示。

问题22-26

使用段落中的信息来匹配类别(列出的AI)以及下面的正确描述

一个奇特的头衔

B先前的承诺

C愤世嫉俗的伎俩

D不寻常的机会

引人注目的消息

F不良行为

G相对值

H竞争唯物主义

我的名字相似

22巧克力实验表明人们不会在获得和获得之间评估_____

发行。

23父母用“互惠原则”来说服他们的孩子'是____*他们

珍爱。

24专家不会出示他们的证书,因为它可能被视为______炫耀。

25如果他们对你的慈善机构说“是”,你可以提醒那些进一步承诺的人

提案。

调查组织者和受访者之间的A_____将有助于调查以积极的方式进行

办法。

劝说的秘密

没有给

真正

没有给

BBBAGDFBI

雅思阅读熟词多义题解析

英语中纯粹的单义词很少,绝大多数词都是多义词,即一个词项有两个或两个以上的意义。在雅思阅读中,有很多词汇看似很简单,很熟悉,殊不知他有多个意思。把小伙伴们都迷得晕头转向的。今天我来为大家收集整理了雅思阅读熟词多义题解析,希望小伙伴们在雅思考试时能提高警惕,不再犯迷糊!

以下主要就雅思阅读剑桥真题部分的一些存在熟词多义的题目进行解析:

1.drive

C4T1P1:

In other words, they gave no indication of an appreciation of either the range of ways in which rainforests are important or the complex social, economic and political factors which drive the activities which are destroying the rainforests.

这是一个复杂的长难句,一共出现了三处定语从句,一处ways in which, 一处factors which,一处activities which。

drive的主语为连接代词which代指的先行词factors,提取之后变为factors drive the activities, 这里如果将这里作为动词的drive 翻译成驾驶,句子是完成不通顺的,我们从后一处的定语从句中得知,activities指的是破坏雨林的行为,也就是前面的社会经济和政治因素drive了一些破坏雨林的行为,也就是说,这里的drive是导致,迫使的意思。

C6T1P2

选项型SUMMARY

Q24: Manufacturers of computers, for instance, are able to import 24................. from overseas, rather than having to rely on a local supplier.

文章E段 To see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for computers. Most of the world's disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia. This is possible only because disk drives, while valuable, are *all and light and so cost little to ship. Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market.

通过manufacturers of computers定位到E段。阅读后我们可以知道电脑*商集中在东南亚*和进口disk drives而不是本国市场。如果同学对电脑知识比较了解的话,对于drive在这里的理解应该问题不大。根据一定的语法知识我们看得出这里的disk drives和disk-drive是名词用法,可通过drive的基本含义“驾驶”进一步引申理解,“驾驶磁盘”过渡为“让磁盘启动”,正确的理解含义为:磁盘驱动器。对应到题目提供的选项“B. components”

2.subject

我们知道它由“科目”的意思,词汇稍好的同学还会知道它还有“主语”和“主题”的含义。我们来看下面一题:

C5T1P2

单选题 Q20 The teacher-subjects were told that they were testing whether

A a 450-volt shock was dangerous.

B punishment helps learning.

C the pupils were honest.

D they were suited to teaching.

文章A段 Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer 'teacher-subject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils' ability to learn.

文章这里的'teacher-subject'打了引号,也就是说即便同学你不认识,把它当作一个特殊词符号,不理解不影响做题。不过明显的是,把“科目”“主语”“主题”放这里,都不好理解。在雅思阅读学术实验类的文章中,subject是个高频词汇,作为“实验对象”的含义来使用, 有时会同义替换为volunteer或participant。

C8T1P3

表格填空Q38 The results were then subjected to a 38…………………….

文章:In 1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests were studied by Honorton in a 'meta-*ysis', a statistical technique for finding the overall results from a set of studies.

通过冠词a我们可以知道此空填名词单数,并且从表格纵轴同行的特殊定位词in 1987,我们找到了定位句。但是定位句中存在冠词a的三处,到底三处后的单词填哪个呢。单词不会,语法来凑,通过题目和文章的主干结构的一致性:A be subjected to B和A be studied By B in C, 由于Honorton是人名且不符合填词规定,顺理成章的'meta-*ysis'成为我们的选填对象。那subject to到底什么意思呢,通过文章,我们可以知道大概是被研究的意思,查了字典我们就了解,正确含义为“受…支配”。

类似的用法单词还有:

1. state n. (美国的)州,状态,*,adj. 国家的,国立的 v.陈述,说明

C8T4P1 判断题Q8 Private schools in Japan are more modern and spacious than state-run lower secondary schools. State-run adj国立的

C7T4P1 第5段 There was a huge initial force- five times larger than the steady state force, Gharib says. State n.状态

2. coin n. 硬币, v. 创造,铸造

C7T1P1 E段 The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term 'echolocation' to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments. Coin v 创造(first used)

3. spoke v. speak过去式,n 车轮的辐条(C4T1P3)

4. tuitionn. 学费,课程,讲授,教学(C4T1P1)

5. complaint n. 抱怨,*,疾病(C4T2P2)

6. Interest v. 是感兴趣n. 兴趣,利益,利息(C4T3P1)

7. leaves v. leave的动词三单形式 n.叶子(Pl)(C8T4P3)

8. press v. 按压,n. 印刷,新闻工作者,新闻(C5T1P3/C5T4P2)

(pressing adj. 迫切的,急切的 C7T1P2)

希望以上内容能对大家有所帮助!我预祝大家在雅思阅读考试中能够取得理想的成绩!更多信息敬请关注雅思频道!

剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析

做好雅思的阅读题除了掌握对的 方法 ,也离不开我们日常的辛勤练习,下面我给大家带来剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS及答案解析,一起加油吧!

剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS

A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sport*en and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.

B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one — such as building muscle strength in golfers — to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,’ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.

C A lot of their work comes down to measurement — everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D *ysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he *yses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason’s contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (Swimming Analysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be *ysed individually — stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.

D ‘Take a look,’ says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,’ says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better.’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists’ research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. There’s more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.

E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’, based on what they expect will be the winning times.’ You design the model to make that time,’ says Mason.’ A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.’ All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world’s most successful sporting nation.

F Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying — and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists’ and rowers’ times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent’, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia’s success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.

剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS题目

Questions 1-7

Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports

2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations

3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity

4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced

5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated

6 an overview of the funded support of athletes

7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event

Questions 8-11

Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they

A are currently exclusively used by Australians

B will be used in the future by Australians

C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals

Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.

8 cameras

9 sensors

10 protein tests

11 altitude tents

Questions 12 and 13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.

12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?

13 By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?

剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS答案

Question 1

答案:B

关键词:exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports

定位原文:B段第2、3句“...and collaborates with… a number of sports …”

解题思路: 题干中讲到不同体育领域的专业知识交流正好跟原文中跨不同体育专家之间的合作相对应,理解意思即可容易找到正确答案。

Question 2

答案:C

关键词: visual imaging/3D, image

定位原文: C段第6句: “...shows off the prototype of a 3D *ysis …”

解题思路: 通过题干中的视频成像可以很容易找到原文中对应的3D和成像。

Question 3

答案:B

关键词: a reason for narrowing/ can’t waste time

定位原文: B段最后1句: “We can’t waste our time looking…”

解题思路: 题目中的research activity和原文中的scientific questions 属于同义表达,定位答题区域,发现此句话所要表达的意思是不在一些飘渺的、不切实际的科学问题上浪费时间,也就是说要缩小研究的范围。

Question 4

答案:F

关键词:AIS ideas reproduce/ copying

定位原文: F段第1句话 “Of course, there’s nothing…”

解题思路: 题干中的reproduce是复制的意思,之后从 文章 中发现 句子 有复制copying,即可以直接定位。

Question 5

答案:D

关键词:Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor

定位原文: D段第6句“... to monitor heart rate…”

解题思路: 题干提到理想成绩的障碍是如何被调查研究的,而读到对应句子之后看到正好是sensors(传感器)对于运动员跑步的impact(影响)进行研究的仪器,而且obstacles和impact对应。

Question 6

答案:A

关键词:Overview, funded support finance

定位原文: A段倒数第2句 “...finances programmes of excellence…”

解题思路: finances是解题关键,意思为资助,正好跟题干中funded support表达了相同的义项,直接对应。而且之后一句话提及以上项目所提供的服务和建议,可以确信答案。

Question 7

答案:E

关键词:Calculated before an event/ using data, well before a championship

定位原文: E段第1句、第2句 “Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, ...”

解题思路: 首先通过well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到E段, 之后发现后面提及的“竞争模型”作用就是计算时间和速率,因此内容对应上calculate,此时可断定答案的位置。

Question 8

答案:A

关键词: digital cameras

定位原文: C段倒数第3句: “..SWAN system now used in Australian national…”

解题思路: 前一句已经提到该系统已广泛应用于澳大利亚各项全国赛事之中,而没有提到其他国家,因此可以判断应该只有澳大利亚人在使用。

Question 9

答案:B

关键词:sensor

定位原文: D段第7句:“...With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro…”

解题思路: 找到相同对应词sensor,读其前后的句子,发现有 Melbourne,断定是澳大利亚人的发明。之后要特别留心动词develop运用现在进行时,表示正在开发;而且注意之后的定语从句采用了将来时,所以可以断定此发明还没有完成,应该属于将来的成果。因此选择B。

Question 10

答案: A

关键词:protein

定位原文: D段倒数第4句: “… AIS and the University of Newcastle…”

解题思路: 非常容易在前面第一句话中找到跟题目protein tests所对应的词语a test ...protein。之后细读前后句,发现后面一句话对于此项科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS运动员,即澳大利亚体育学院的运动员,隶属于澳大利亚,所以应该选择A。

Question 11

答案:C

关键词: altitude tent

定位原文: F段倒数第2句: “The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent ’…”

解题思路: 文章中很容易找到用引号括起来的题目中的名词 短语 ,因此只要细心读原句,就会发现开头的‘The same has happened...’同样的事情也发生在……根据 经验 应该顺着文章向上追溯,发现跟‘altitude tent’相同情况的是1996年奥运会上澳大利亚人受益的流线型散热运动服现在全世界都在用。因此 ‘altitude tent’也被世界各国应用。所以答案应该选择C。且根据此段话大意可以了解文章只提到两种研究成果被别国运用,即髙原帐蓬和流线型散热服。所以可以间接判断前三项成果是由澳大利人独享的。

Question 12

答案: (a)competition model

关键词: help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing

定位原文: E段第1句“Using data…”

解题思路: Help an athlete plan their performance 对应上prepare the athlete by之后,要认真研究题目所问的是what is produced,断定所作答案必定要填一个名词。因此要细读原文发现有单词developing恰与produced相对应,中文意思是“开发”,则答案必定是开发之后的名词。

Question 13

答案: (by)2 percent/%

关键词: 19% Olympic Games, cyclists, improve

定位原文: F段第3句“At the Atlanta…”

解题思路: 分析问句是 ‘By how much... improve’,意思为“提高了多少”,可以判断出答案需要写一个数字。因此仔细阅读相关语句找到 sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists ‘and rowers’ time。很快就可以找到数字百分之二

以上就是大学路小编为大家带来的内容了,想要了解更多相关信息,请关注大学路。

免责声明:文章内容来自网络,如有侵权请及时联系删除。
与“5月11日雅思阅读考试真题及答案 雅思阅读熟词多义题解析 剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析”相关推荐

每周推荐




最新文章

雅思零基础该如何学习语法?

雅思零基础该如何学习语法?

时间:2024年01月26日

热门高校 更多




联系我们 - 课程中心
  鲁ICP备18049789号-7

2020大学路版权所有 All right reserved. 版权所有

警告:未经本网授权不得转载、摘编或利用其它方式使用上述作品